Nyocha nke nhazi na mgbawa nkewapụ nke phosphorus na ígwè arụrụ arụ Carbon.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nkọwa ndị a na-ahụkarị nke eriri eriri carbon structural steel waya na ogwe osisi nke igwe igwe igwe na-enye bụ φ5.5-φ45, na oke tozuru oke bụ φ6.5-φ30.Enwere ọtụtụ ihe ọghọm dị mma sitere na nkewa nke phosphorus na obere mkpanaka waya na akụrụngwa mmanya.Ka anyị kwuo banyere mmetụta nke ikewapụ phosphorus na nyocha nke nhazi nke cracks maka ntụaka gị.
Mgbakwunye nke phosphorus na ígwè nwere ike imechi mpaghara austenite n'otu n'otu na eserese oge nke ígwè-carbon.Ya mere, a ghaghị ịgbatị ebe dị n'etiti solidus na liquidus.Mgbe ígwè nwere phosphorus dị jụụ site na mmiri mmiri gaa na nke siri ike, ọ ga-adị mkpa ka ọ gafee oke okpomọkụ.Ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa ozi nke phosphorus na ígwè na-adị nwayọọ.N'oge a, ígwè a wụrụ awụ nke nwere nnukwu phosphorus dị elu (ebe mgbaze dị ala) na-ejupụta na oghere dị n'etiti dendrites mbụ siri ike, si otú ahụ na-emepụta nkewa nke phosphorus.
N'isi oyi ma ọ bụ usoro extrusion oyi, a na-ahụkarị ngwaahịa gbawara agbawa.Nyocha nke metallographic na nyocha nke ngwaahịa ndị a gbawara agbawa na-egosi na a na-ekesa ferrite na pearlite na ìgwè, na a pụrụ ịhụ nke ọma nke ígwè na-acha ọcha na matrix.N'ime ferrite, enwere mgbakwunye sulfide ìhè isi awọ nke nwere ogologo oge na matriks ferrite nke nwere agba.Ihe owuwu a nwere ụdị band nke nkewapụta nke sọlfọ phosphide kpatara bụ nke a na-akpọ "ahịrị mmụọ".Nke a bụ n'ihi na mpaghara nwere phosphorus na mpaghara ahụ nwere oke nke phosphorus na-apụta na-acha ọcha ma na-egbuke egbuke.N'ihi nnukwu ọdịnaya nke phosphorus nke eriri ọcha na nke na-egbuke egbuke, ihe carbon dị na eriri ọcha na-egbuke egbuke na-ebelata ma ọ bụ na carbon dị ntakịrị.N'ụzọ dị otu a, kristal kọlụm nke ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-etolite na etiti n'oge nkedo na-aga n'ihu nke eriri nke nwere phosphorus..Mgbe billet gbasiri ike, austenite dendrites na-ebu ụzọ nwuo site na nchara a wụrụ awụ.A na-ebelata phosphorus na sọlfọ dị na dendrites ndị a, mana nchara ikpeazụ siri ike gbazere bara ụba na phosphorus na sọlfọ adịghị ọcha, nke na-eme ka ọ dị n'etiti axis dendrite, n'ihi nnukwu ọdịnaya nke phosphorus na sọlfọ, sọlfọ ga-etolite sulfide, na sọlfọ ga-etolite. A ga-agbaze phosphorus na matriks.Ọ dịghị mfe ịgbasa ma nwee mmetụta nke ịwụsa carbon.Enweghị ike ịgbaze carbon n'ime ya, ya mere gburugburu ihe ngwọta phosphorus siri ike (akụkụ nke ferrite white band) nwere ọdịnaya carbon dị elu.Ihe mejupụtara carbon n'akụkụ abụọ nke eriri ferrite, ya bụ, n'akụkụ abụọ nke mpaghara nwere phosphorus, n'otu n'otu na-etolite eriri pearlite dị warara, nke na-adịte aka na eriri ọcha ferrite, yana anụ ahụ nkịtị dị n'akụkụ.Mgbe billet na-ekpo ọkụ ma pịa ya, ogwe ndị ahụ ga-agbatị n'akụkụ nhazi nhazi.Ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi na ferrite band nwere phosphorus dị elu, ya bụ, nkewa nke phosphorus dị njọ na-eduga n'ịmepụta usoro ferrite dị ukwuu na nke na-egbuke egbuke, nke nwere ígwè pụtara ìhè E nwere eriri isi awọ nke sulfide na sara mbara ma na-egbuke egbuke. element ahu.Otu ferrite nke nwere phosphorus nwere ogologo sulfide bụ ihe anyị na-akpọkarị nzukọ "ghost line" (lee eserese 1-2).
Ọgụgụ 1 Ghost waya na carbon steel SWRCH35K 200X
Ọgụgụ 2 Ghost waya na larịị carbon ígwè Q235 500X
Mgbe ígwè na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ bụrụhaala na enwere ikewapụ phosphorus na billet, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnweta microstructure otu.Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ikewapụ nke phosphorus siri ike, e guzobela usoro "ghost wire", nke ga-emerịrị ka ọ belata ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe ahụ..
Nkewa nke phosphorus na carbon steel bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, mana ogo dị iche.Mgbe a na-ekewapụ phosphorus nke ukwuu (usoro "akara mmụọ" pụtara), ọ ga-eweta mmetụta dị njọ na nchara.N'ụzọ doro anya, oke nkewa nke phosphorus bụ ihe kpatara ihe mgbawa n'oge usoro isi oyi.N'ihi na ọka dị iche iche na ígwè nwere ihe dị iche iche nke phosphorus, ihe ahụ nwere ike dị iche iche na ike siri ike;n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụkwa Mee ka ihe ahụ na-emepụta nrụgide n'ime, ọ ga-akwalite ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbawa n'ime.Na ihe nwere "ghost waya" Ọdịdị, ọ bụ kpomkwem Mbelata nke ike, ike, elongation mgbe mgbajikwa na Mbelata nke ebe, karịsịa Mbelata mmetụta siri ike, nke ga-eduga na oyi brittleness nke ihe onwunwe, otú phosphorus ọdịnaya. na ihe nhazi nke ígwè nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya.
Nchọpụta Metallographic N'ime anụ ahụ "ghost line" dị n'etiti etiti a na-ahụ anya, enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke isi awọ elongated sulfide.Ngwongwo ndị na-abụghị ọla na nchara nhazi na-adịkarị n'ụdị oxides na sulfides.Dị ka GB/T10561-2005 "Standard Grading Chart Microscopic Inspection Method for Content of Non Metallic Inclusions in Steel", ihe ntinye ụdị B na-emebi n'oge a ọkwa ihe ruru 2.5 na karịa.Dị ka anyị niile maara, ndị na-abụghị metal inclusions nwere ike isi mmalite nke cracks.Ịdị adị ha ga-emebi n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nhịahụ na nhịahụ microstructure nchara, ma belata ike intergranular nke ígwè.A na-esi na nke a pụta na ọnụnọ nke sulfides na "akara ghost" nke n'ime ime ụlọ nke ígwè bụ ebe kachasị maka mgbawa.Ya mere, oyi forging cracks na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ quenching cracks na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke fastener mmepụta saịtị na-mere site a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ìhè isi awọ slender sulfides.Ọdịdị nke akwa ákwà ọjọọ dị otú ahụ na-ebibi ihe ndị dị na ígwè na-aga n'ihu ma na-abawanye ohere nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.Enweghị ike iwepụ "eriri mmụọ" site na ịmegharị ihe, wdg, na ihe adịghị ọcha kwesịrị ịchịkwa nke ọma site na usoro mgbaze ma ọ bụ tupu akụrụngwa abanye n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
A na-ekewa ntinye ndị na-abụghị ọla n'ime alumina (ụdị A) silicate (ụdị C) na spherical oxide (ụdị D) dị ka nhazi ha si dị na nrụrụ.Ịdị adị ha na-ebelata ịdịgide nke ígwè ahụ, a na-emepụta olulu ma ọ bụ mgbawa mgbe a kpochapụrụ ya.Ọ dị nnọọ mfe ịmepụta isi iyi nke mgbawa n'oge iwe oyi na-akpata nchekasị n'oge ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ kwụsị.Ya mere, a ghaghị chịkwaa ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla.Ihe dị ugbu a nchara GB/T700-2006 "Carbon Structural Steel" na GB/T699-2016 "Elu Carbon Structural Steel" ụkpụrụ adịghị eme ka doro anya chọrọ maka ndị na-abụghị metal inclusions..Maka akụkụ ndị dị mkpa, ahịrị ndị na-adịghị mma na nke dị mma nke A, B, na C anaghị adịkarị karịa 1.5, na D na Ds na-adịghị mma na ahịrị dị mma adịghị karịa 2.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 21-2021
